What is Vitamin B ?

Vitamin B, also known as vitamin B, is a group of water-soluble vitamins, which plays an important role in cell metabolism and the synthesis of red blood cells. Each vitamin B is indicated by its specific number or name, although they have similar names (e. g., vitamin B1, B2, B3, etc.). Each vitamin B supplement has its specific chemical composition indicated, such as vitamin B1= thiamine, etc. Some names are more well known than numbers, such as niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin and folic acid. They are chemically different compounds and usually coexist in the same food. In general, dietary supplements that contain all eight vitamin B components are called "vitamin B complexes".

Each vitamin B is a cofactor involved in key metabolic processes (usually in coenzymes), or a precursor needed to make vitamin B. They help to regulate metabolism, maintain the health of the skin and muscle, enhance the function of the immune system and nervous system, to promote the growth and division of cells (including promoting the production of red blood cells, to prevent the emergence of anemia), including vitamin B1, B6 and B12 help to protect nerve tissue cells, and vitamin B2 has antioxidant effect, plants can synthesize vitamin B2, but humans and animals generally not natural synthesis, must be obtained from food. Vitamin B2 is one of the elements necessary to maintain the normal growth of animals, and if lacking, it may cause growth pause or local damage.

Health Benefits of Vitamin B  

(1)the animal itself can not synthesize or the amount of synthesis does not meet the physiological needs, and needs to absorb through food.

(2)trace: the amount required in animals is very small, but can play a huge role, usually as coenzyme and coenzyme factors.

(3)Regulation: vitamins must be able to regulate human metabolism or energy conversion.

(4) Specificity: after the lack of a certain vitamin, the human body will present a unique pathology. B vitamin is a kind of water-soluble vitamin, it is to promote the metabolism of the body, sugar, fat, protein and other conversion into energy indispensable substance.

Sources of Vitamin B   

Vitamin B is rich in meat, eggs and dairy products, especially in meat, such as turkey, tuna fish and liver. Vitamin B levels in processed carbohydrates (such as sugar and white flour) tend to be lower than those in unprocessed carbohydrates, and small amounts of vitamin B are also found throughout unprocessed carbohydrate-based foods. For this reason, laws in many countries (including the United States) require the addition of vitamin B thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and folic acid to white flour after processing. In food labels, this is called "concentrated flour (Enriched Flour)".

Sources of vitamin B also include pods (legumes), whole grains, potatoes, bananas, peppers, saltlets, nutritious yeast, beer yeast, and molasses. Although yeast used in beer makes beer as a source of vitamin B, but drinking ethanol can inhibit the absorption of thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), biotin (vitamin B7), and folic acid (vitamin B9). Furthermore, each of the above studies further highlighted that increased consumption of beer and other alcoholic beverages caused a net loss of these B vitamins and the health risks associated with such deficiency.

Because the vitamin B12 content in plant products is not high, and vegans are not available through the diet, this makes vitamin B12 deficiency an important problem for vegans. Plant-based food manufacturers sometimes report the amount of vitamin B12, leading to confusion and confusion about the source of vitamin B12. The confusion is that the standard US Pharmacopoeia (USP) method used to measure vitamin B12 is unable to directly measure vitamin B12. Instead, it measures the bacterial response to the food product. Chemical variants of vitamin B12 were found in plant sources to be active against bacteria but cannot be used by the human body. The same phenomenon may lead to reports of significantly excessive vitamin B12 in other types of foods.

Because vitamin B is water-soluble, excessive vitamin B is usually easily excreted from the body, and although it is absorbed individually, its use and metabolism may vary. Due to absorption problems and an increased demand for energy production, older adults and athletes may require a supplementary intake of B12 and other vitamin B miscellans. In cases of severe deficiency, it can also be injected with vitamin B, especially vitamin B12, to reverse the deficiency condition. Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes based on the high prevalence of low thiamine concentration in plasma, thiamine associated with diabetes.

Vitamin B Supplements

The common way to increase vitamin B intake is through the use of dietary supplements. Vitamin B is often added to energy drinks, and many of them have been marketed along with plenty of vitamin B, claiming that it will leave consumers "not nervous and strained during your day's voyage."Yet some nutritionists are critical of these claims, such as noting that, while the B vitamin does "help release the energy in the food," most Americans can easily get the necessary weight from their diet.

Research on Vitamin B   

Due to the blind pursuit of dietary refinement, there are fewer and fewer B vitamins taken from the food. Therefore, synthetic B vitamins are added to food as a nutritional forticer to supplement the healthy growth and development of humans and animals. B vitamins have been added to infant milk powder, energy drinks and some health care products. B vitamins are very unstable and are easy to decompose under certain conditions such as acid, base, light and heat, so it is difficult to analyze and determine them. Different analysis methods can be selected according to the different characteristics of vitamins. The main analysis methods for the determination of B vitamins are: microbial, spectrophotometric, and chromatography.

B vitamins for the treatment of type diabetes is mostly through some combination treatment has a significant effect. For example, diabetic peripheral neuropathy can be prevented and improved by adding vitamin B1, and the simultaneous addition of vitamin D and folic acid in the diet of the elderly can reduce the prevalence of diabetes.

Conclusion

B vitamins are indispensable substances in sugar, fat and protein metabolism in the human body. Most B vitamins are well soluble in water, Including vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B4 (aminopurine phosphate), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid, pegotoxenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (vitamin H), vitamin B8 (adenine nucleotide), vitamin B12 (cobalamin), vitamin B13 (lactate), vitamin B15 (amine), vitamin B17 (apricot), vitamin Bx (parabine), choline, mynositol (cyclohexanol), etc. Among them, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B9 [5], vitamin B12 are commonly used in human body, as coenzymes play a vital role in the metabolism of sugar, fat and protein in the human body [2].

B vitamins exert their effects on substance metabolism in living organisms by forming coenzymes. This class of coenzymes is the most abundant in the liver. Different from fat-soluble vitamins, the excess water-soluble vitamins and their metabolites that enter the body are excreted from the urine and cannot be stored more in the body. When the body is saturated, the more vitamins are eaten, the greater the urine output is [4].

B vitamins consists of compounds with similar biological activity but different chemical composition and can exist in free form. They cannot be synthesized in animals and some microbes, so they must be obtained from the outside world, and generally plants can synthesize a variety of vitamins. Biological organisms have vitamins are for vitamins, but they are essential.

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