0102030405
Hordhac Badeecada
Ergothioneine (milix gudaha ah oo ah mercaptohistidine trimethyl, ergothioneine, EGT) waa isku-dhis la helay 1909. Markii ugu horreysay waxaa laga helay fangaska, Claviceps purpurea. Badeecada saafiga ah waa kiristaal cad, oo biyo ku milma, (heerkulka qolka oo milma 0.9mol/L), iskuma oksaydhi doonto qiimaha pH-ga ee jirka iyo xalka alkaline ee xooggan. Waxay ku jirtaa laba isomers, kuwaas oo kala ah thiol iyo thione.
Ergothioneine waa antioxidant dabiici ah oo ilaalin kara unugyada jidhka bini'aadamka waana walax firfircoon oo muhiim ah oo ku jirta jirka. Antioxidants-ka dabiiciga ah waa kuwo ammaan ah oo aan sun ahayn waxayna noqdeen mowduuc cilmi baaris oo kulul. Ergothioneine, oo ah antioxidant dabiici ah, ayaa soo gashay goobta aragtida dadka. Waxay leedahay shaqooyin badan oo jireed sida ka saarista xagjirrada xorta ah, sunta ka saarista, ilaalinta biosynthesis-ka DNA-da, koritaanka unugyada caadiga ah iyo difaaca unugyada.

Xaashiyaha Xogta Badeecada
| Falanqaynta | Sharaxaad | Natiijada Tijaabada |
| Muuqaalka | Budada cad ama aan cadayn | Waafaqsan |
| Aqoonsiga | Waqtiga haynta HPLC wuxuu u dhigmaa WRS | Waafaqsan |
| Lumis marka la qalajiyo | ≤0.50% | 0.06% |
| Hadhaaga Ethanol | ≤500ppm | 382ppm |
| Biraha culus (Pb) | ≤20ppm | Waafaqsan |
| Arsenik (Al2O3) | ≤2ppm | Waafaqsan |
| Rasaasta (Pb) | ≤1ppm | Waafaqsan |
| Meerkuriga (Hg) | ≤0.2ppm | Waafaqsan |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ≤0.3ppm | Waafaqsan |
| Wadarta Tirada Taarikada | ≤1000 cfu/g | Waafaqsan |
| Khamiirka iyo Caaryada | ≤100cfu/g | Waafaqsan |
| Coliforms | ≤10 mpn/g | Waafaqsan |
| E. coli | taban 10g | Taban |
| Salmonella | taban 10g | Taban |
| S. aureus | taban 10g | Taban |
| Baaritaan | ≥99.0% | 99.40% |
Shaqada Budada Ergothioneine
Saamaynta ka hortagga oksaydhaynta
Budada Ergothioneine waa amino acid dabiici ah oo laga helo dhirta waxaana lagu ururin karaa xayawaanka. Cilmi-baaris ayaa xaqiijisay inay leedahay saameynta antioxidant. Waxay si wax ku ool ah uga saari kartaa -OH, ion-yada birta ee chelate divalent iyo ion-yada naxaasta, waxayna ka hortagi kartaa in H2O2 -OH la soo saaro iyadoo la adeegsanayo ion-yada birta ama ion-yada naxaasta, taas oo sidoo kale joojin karta oksaydhka ku tiirsan naxaasta ee oxyhemoglobin. Waxay sidoo kale joojin kartaa peroxidation-ka arachidonic acid ka dib marka myoglobin (ama hemoglobin) lagu qaso falgalka H2O2. Ergothioneine sidoo kale si xoog leh ayuu u xoqi karaa hypochlorous acid, sidaas darteed wuxuu ka hortagayaa joojinta α1-antiprotease. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma joojin karto falcelinta peroxidation ee walxaha lipid marka ay joogaan ion-yada birta. Daraasado ay sameeyeen AKanmu D iyo kuwa kale ayaa muujiyay in uruurinta ergothioneine ee jirka ku jirta ay u dhaqmi karto sidii antioxidant.
Saamaynta ilaalinta ee unugyada
Ergothioneine waa qalab awood badan oo ka hortagaya aashitada hypochlorous (HOCl). In kasta oo iskudhisyo badan ay la falgeli karaan aashitada hypochlorous, haddana dad yar ayaa si dhakhso ah u falgala sida ergothioneine. Inhibitors-ka 1-Antiprotease (API), sida elastase, waxay si gaar ah ugu nugul yihiin aashitada hypochlorous, fiirsashada fiisiyoolojiga ee ergothioneine waxay si aad ah wax ku ool ah uga ilaalin kartaa API-ga joojinta ay keento aashitada hypochlorous. Neutrophils waa isha ugu weyn ee aashitada hypochlorous ee jirka, mid ka mid ah shaqooyinka ergothioneine waa inuu ka ilaaliyo unugyada dhiigga cas neutrophils-ka ka yimaada goobaha caadiga ah ee shaqeynaya ama bararka cudurada.
Saamaynta ka hortagga bararka
Peroxynitrite waxaa si asal ah u sameysma falcelinta faafinta xaddidan ee NO iyo superoxide. Waa oksaydh xooggan oo la xiriirta cudurka bararka, sida dhaawaca ischemia-reperfusion, atherosclerosis, oof-wareen daran iyo sepsis. Ergothioneine wuxuu joojin karaa oksaydhka amino acid-ka ee anion-ka ee peroxynitrite, sida nitration of tyrosine, taasoo sahlaysa suurtagalnimada daaweynta caabuqa.

Hawlaha kale ee bayoolojiga
Tan iyo markii la helay ergothioneine, isku day badan ayaa la sameeyay si loo caddeeyo shaqooyinkeeda jir ahaaneed, laakiin midkoodna ma uusan awoodin inuu si buuxda u qeexo shaqooyinkeeda jir ahaaneed. Cilmi-baarista Brummel.mc waxay ogaatay in ergothioneine uu sidoo kale yeelan karo shaqooyinka soo socda: rarista cations-ka iyo kicinta kaarboon dioxide carboxylation ama falgallada decarboxylation; nidaaminta saameynta thyroid iyo anti-thyroid; nidaaminta saameynta histamine ama antihistamine; shaqada cholinergic ama saamaynta jirka ee anti-parasympathetic; waxay nidaamin kartaa falcelinta kuwa kale ee sida acyl ama waxay u dhaqmi kartaa sidii side aashito ah lafteeda. Epand RM et al ayaa sidoo kale bartay saameynta ergothioneine ee sonkorowga.
Waxay leedahay firfircooni xooggan oo ka hortagta oksaydhka: baabi'inta noocyada oksijiinta ee falcelinta leh, shaandhaynta ion-yada birta ee divalent, kicinta ensaymada antioxidant-ka, joojinta superoxide dismutase, joojinta falcelinta oksaydhka ee borotiinnada heme ee kala duwan, iwm. Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay sifooyinkan ergothioneine, waxay leedahay isticmaal ballaaran iyo rajooyin suuqeed oo ku saabsan daawooyinka, cuntada iyo cabitaannada, cuntooyinka shaqeynaya, quudinta xayawaanka, qurxinta iyo bayotechnoolajiyadda.
Dheef-shiid kiimikaad
Cilmi-baaris ayaa muujisay in ergothioneine aan lagu samayn karin xayawaanka, laakiin si cad ayaa loo muujiyay in histidine, sulfuratom, iyo kooxaha methyl ee methionine lagu samayn karo (ku dari karo) dhirta iyo noolaha yaryar. D. Yanasugondha iyo MD Appleman waxay barteen catabolism-ka ergothioneine ee noolaha yaryar. Waxay ogaadeen in ergothioneine loo rogi karo trimethylamine iyo thiol imidazole acrylic acid; Heath [3] waxay quudisay jiirar muddo dheer ah oo ay ku jiraan [S] Ka dib markii la cunay ergothioneine, waxaa la ogaaday in ergothioneine oo leh calaamadda [S] lagu qaybiyay dhuuxa lafta, unugyada dhiigga cas, beerka, kelyaha iyo qaybo kale. George Wolf iyo kuwa kale ayaa markii ugu horreysay ku duray [α-S] ergothioneine jiirka, ka dibna waxay barteen qaybinta tamarta shucaaca iyo metabolites-keeda. Waxaa la caddeeyay in herzynine ay tahay horudhaca (horudhaca) ee isku-darka ergothioneine.
Codsiga Alaabta
Marka laga hadlayo ergothioneine, oo ah walax leh shaqooyin bayooloji oo muhiim ah oo gaar ah, aqoonyahanno ka kala yimid dalal kala duwan ayaa muddo dheer cilmi-baaris ku sameeyay codsigeeda. In kasta oo ay weli u baahan tahay in si qoto dheer loo sii qoto-dheereeyo, haddana waxay door aad u dhiirrigelin leh ka ciyaartay codsigeeda dhinacyo kala duwan. Ergothioneine waxay leedahay noocyo badan oo isticmaal iyo rajo suuqeed oo ku saabsan beerista xubnaha, ilaalinta unugyada, daawada, cuntada iyo cabitaannada, cuntooyinka shaqeynaya, quudinta xayawaanka, qurxinta iyo bayotechnoolajiyadda.
Waxay u shaqeysaa sidii antioxidant gaar ah
Budada Ergothioneinewaa antioxidant dabiici ah oo aad u ilaaliya, aan sun ahayn oo aan si fudud loogu oksaydhin biyaha, taasoo u oggolaanaysa in fiirsigiisu gaaro mmol unugyada qaar isla markaana kicisa nidaamka difaaca antioxidant-ka dabiiciga ah ee unugga. . Ka mid ah antioxidants-yada badan, ergothioneine waa mid gaar ah sababtoo ah ergothioneine wuxuu ka saari karaa ion-yada birta culus wuxuuna ka ilaalin karaa unugyada dhiigga cas ee jirka waxyeelada xagjirka xorta ah.
Tallaalka xubnaha
Qadarka iyo muddada ilaalinta unugyada jira ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara guusha tallaalka xubnaha. Antioxidant-ka ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo ilaalinta tallaallada xubnaha waa glutathione. Marka uu la kulmo deegaanka, si fudud ayaa loo oksaydhiyaa. Xitaa meelaha qaboojiyaha ama dareeraha ah, awooddiisa antioxidant-ka aad ayay u yaraataa waxayna sun u tahay unugyada. Waxay sidoo kale soo saartaa barar waxayna kicisaa hydrolysis-ka borotiinka unugyada. Ergothioneine waa sida antioxidant-ka oo ku xasilan xalka biyaha wuxuuna sidoo kale ka takhalusi karaa ion-yada birta culus. Dhinaca ilaalinta xubnaha, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa beddelka glutathione si uu si fiican u ilaaliyo xubnaha la tallaalay.
Waxaa lagu daray qurxinta si loo ilaaliyo maqaarka
UVA-ga Ultraviolet ee qorraxda ku jira wuxuu geli karaa maqaarka maqaarka aadanaha, taasoo saameyn ku yeelan karta koritaanka unugyada epidermal, taasoo keenta in unugyada dusha sare ay gabowdaan oo dhintaan, taasoo keenta gabowga degdega ah ee maqaarka, halka ultraviolet UVB uu si fudud u horseedi karo kansarka maqaarka. Ergothioneine wuxuu yareyn karaa sameynta noocyada oksijiinta ee falcelinta leh wuxuuna ka ilaalin karaa unugyada waxyeelada shucaaca. Sidaa darteed, ergothioneine waxaa lagu dari karaa qaar ka mid ah qurxinta maqaarka si loo sameeyo alaabada daryeelka maqaarka ee dibadda iyo qurxinta ilaalinta.
Codsiyada daaweynta indhaha
Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, daraasado ayaa lagu ogaaday in ergothioneine uu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaro ilaalinta indhaha. Sidaa darteed, cilmi-baarayaal badan ayaa rajeynaya inay soo saaraan badeeco indhaha lagu sameeyo si kor loogu qaado horumarinta qalliinnada daaweynta indhaha. Qalliinka indhaha guud ahaan waxaa lagu sameeyaa maxalli ahaan, milmida biyaha iyo xasilloonida ergothioneine waxay bixiyaan suurtagalnimada qalliinnada noocaas ah waxayna leeyihiin qiimo weyn oo lagu dabaqo.
Codsiyada meelaha kale
Ergothioneine waxaa loo isticmaali karaa meelo badan sababtoo ah sifooyinkiisa aadka u wanaagsan. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa loo isticmaalaa daawooyinka, cuntada, alaabta caafimaadka, qurxinta, iwm. Dhinaca daawada, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu daaweeyo caabuqa, iwm., waxaana laga samayn karaa kiniinno, kaabsul, daawooyin afka laga qaato, iwm.; dhinaca alaabta caafimaadka, waxay ka hortagi kartaa dhicitaanka kansarka, iwm., waxaana laga samayn karaa cuntooyin shaqeynaya, cabitaanno shaqeynaya iyo alaabooyin kale. Dhinaca qurxinta, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu daaweeyo caabuqa, iwm. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa ka hortagga gabowga waxaana laga samayn karaa kareemka qorraxda iyo alaabooyin kale.
Marka wacyiga dadku ee daryeelka caafimaadku sii kordho, sifooyinka wanaagsan ee ergothioneine oo ah antioxidant dabiici ah ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loo aqoonsan doonaa loona isticmaali doonaa.
Maxaan Sameyn Karnaa?
1. Shaybaarro bilaash ah ayaa lagu siin karaa codsigaaga.
2. Awoodda wax soo saarka: 20 tan/bishii.
3. Warshadu waxay ku fadhidaa dhul dhan 7,000 mitir oo laba jibbaaran, waxayna leedahay 4 injineer farsamo oo Ph.D. ah.
4. Habka gaadiidka: degdega ah, gaadiidka cirka, gaadiidka badda
5. Xakamaynta tayada: Tijaabada shaybaarka ee dhinac saddexaad oo ay sameeyaan Eurofins, SGS, BV iwm.
6. 24 saacadood iyo 7 maalmood oo adeeg joogto ah oo waqti buuxa ah.
Nala soo xiriir Xaashiyaha Xogta Badeecada
| Falanqaynta | Sharaxaad | Natiijada Tijaabada |
| Muuqaalka | Budada cad ama aan cadayn | Waafaqsan |
| Aqoonsiga | Waqtiga haynta HPLC wuxuu u dhigmaa WRS | Waafaqsan |
| Lumis marka la qalajiyo | ≤0.50% | 0.06% |
| Hadhaaga Ethanol | ≤500ppm | 382ppm |
| Biraha culus (Pb) | ≤20ppm | Waafaqsan |
| Arsenik (Al2O3) | ≤2ppm | Waafaqsan |
| Rasaasta (Pb) | ≤1ppm | Waafaqsan |
| Meerkuriga (Hg) | ≤0.2ppm | Waafaqsan |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ≤0.3ppm | Waafaqsan |
| Wadarta Tirada Taarikada | ≤1000 cfu/g | Waafaqsan |
| Khamiirka iyo Caaryada | ≤100cfu/g | Waafaqsan |
| Coliforms | ≤10 mpn/g | Waafaqsan |
| E. coli | taban 10g | Taban |
| Salmonella | taban 10g | Taban |
| S. aureus | taban 10g | Taban |
| Baaritaan | ≥99.0% | 99.40% |
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